Military Leaders Urge Caution on AI    06/01 06:28

   

   TAMPA, Fla. (AP) -- The Trump administration is pushing to unleash the power 
of artificial intelligence for the U.S. military while facing calls to put up 
guardrails around the rapidly developing technology from some companies -- and 
even notes of caution from top leaders in uniform.

   Adm. Frank Bradley, head of U.S. Special Operations Command, told attendees 
of a recent annual special forces conference in Tampa, Florida, that troops 
"have to be very careful about how we come to (AI's) employment and its 
inspiration into the delivery of lethality."

   Bradley said he can see a future where AI determines what targets to hit but 
that "we, as humans, have to have the confidence that ... it's going to deliver 
violence only where we intend it to be delivered."

   The remarks from Bradley, who oversees the units that handle the military's 
most difficult and dangerous operations, about the need to ensure safeguards 
come as his boss, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, is pushing to rapidly evolve 
the military through AI. It is a push that has led to clashes with some tech 
companies worried about safety measures.

   Hegseth has insisted that the Pentagon be allowed to use the technology any 
legal way it sees fit. He told an audience of SpaceX employees in January he 
would reject any AI models "that won't allow you to fight wars" and that his 
vision for the technology was systems that operate "without ideological 
constraints that limit lawful military applications."

   AI's use in the military is part of the Republican administration's larger 
push to grow the capability it sees as a unique American advantage even as it 
faces pressure to ensure responsible safeguards.

   President Donald Trump abruptly called off plans to sign a new AI executive 
order hours before an expected White House ceremony over concerns the measure 
could dull America's edge on AI technology.

   "We're leading China, we're leading everybody, and I don't want to do 
anything that's going to get in the way of that lead," Trump told reporters.

   Two differing AI worlds within the military

   When asked about Bradley's remarks, a Pentagon official said efforts are 
focused on using AI to create "functional battlefield tools" that can help 
troops come up with and identify targets more quickly and, as a result, speed 
up strikes on those targets. The official spoke on condition of anonymity to 
offer more candid remarks.

   Officials at U.S. Special Operations Command talked about AI not as 
something that will help eliminate targets but rather as a tool that can offer 
troops more time to focus on their mission.

   Sgt. Maj. Andrew Krogman, the top enlisted official for U.S. Special 
Operations Command, said at the conference that he sees AI handling 
administrative tasks to free up operators or helping modernize how the command 
does business.

   Melissa Johnson, the top acquisition official for the command, said AI 
should be "reducing the cognitive workload on mundane tasks."

   "We're leveraging AI more and more, but it's not to replace operator 
judgment, it's to enhance it," she added.

   Helen Toner, interim executive director at Georgetown University's Center 
for Security and Emerging Technology, said those differing descriptions about 
AI in the military are both true.

   "There are a huge number of potential uses for AI in these kinds of 
bureaucratic settings, which the U.S. military is actively exploring," Toner 
said.

   Lt. Gen. Michael Conley, head of Air Force Special Operations Command, told 
a congressional committee in May that his troops used AI "bots" to convert top 
secret intelligence down to a secret classification within seconds to make it 
easier to share with drone operators on the ground during the Iran war.

   However, there is no doubt that AI also is helping the military find and 
strike targets.

   The center that Toner oversees published a case study two years ago on how 
the Army's 18th Airborne Corps used AI to target artillery strikes "just as 
efficiently as the best unit in recent American history" and with 2,000 fewer 
service members.

   "Human operators are still the ones making crucial decisions, but AI ... is 
making it possible to operate with a new level of speed and scale," she said.

   AI safety has created a public dispute between the Pentagon and Anthropic

   The clash over the integration of AI into the military, who ultimately 
controls the technology and the ethics behind its use has played out in 
unusually public fashion during the Trump administration.

   Hegseth and Anthropic are embroiled in a bitter contract dispute over the 
company's concerns about unchecked government use of its technology, including 
the dangers of fully autonomous armed drones and of AI-assisted mass 
surveillance that could track dissent.

   After CEO Dario Amodei refused to back down over concerns about how the 
chatbot Claude is used in classified Pentagon networks, both Trump and Hegseth 
accused Anthropic of endangering national security.

   The Pentagon formally labeled the San Francisco-based company a supply chain 
risk -- ending its $200 million defense contract and prohibited other 
government contractors from working with the company.

   Anthropic sued, claiming the Pentagon is illegally retaliating by 
stigmatizing the company with a designation meant to protect against sabotage 
of national security systems by foreign adversaries. The Pentagon has since 
emphasized its turn to Anthropic rivals -- including Google, OpenAI and SpaceX 
-- to secure AI technology that can "augment warfighter decision-making in 
complex operational environments."

   Toner, a former OpenAI board member ousted after a clash with CEO Sam 
Altman, said "the general public often seems to underestimate the caution with 
which the U.S. military approaches new technologies."

   "Commanders want their missions to succeed, which means both being able to 
create lethal effects at scale, and avoiding unintended effects like friendly 
fire, civilian casualties, or simply identifying targets incorrectly," she said.